ABSTRACT
As a collective noun of incense and medicine, fragrant medicine has long been integrated into Chinese culture. It is not only a symbol of the cultural exchange between China and foreign countries in the middle ancient times, but also plays a very important role in medicine and other fields. Among them, Borneol can not only be used for medicinal purposes, but also for incense and fumigation, as well as food, tea, wine and other applications. This paper intends to sort out the medicinal properties, effects and other applications of Borneol recorded in ancient books of traditional Chinese herbs in the past dynasties, focusing on summarizing its medicinal properties, meridians, effects, compatibility and application characteristics. In addition, modern pharmacological action was included as a supplement, in order to provide reference for the clinical use of Borneol in medicinal aspects.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides a lot of evidence for local abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia, but the results are not consistent. Our aim is to find out the consistent abnormal brain regions of the patients with schizophrenia by using regional homogeneity (ReHo), and indirectly understand the degree of brain damage of the patients with drug-naive first episode schizophrenia (Dn-FES) and chronic schizophrenia. @*Methods@#We performed the experiment by activation likelihood estimation (ALE) software to analysis the differences between people with schizophrenia group (all schizophrenia group and chronic schizophrenia group) and healthy controls. @*Results@#Thirteen functional imaging studies were included in quantitative meta-analysis. All schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and increased ReHo in bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and right insula. Chronic schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral MOG, right fusiform gyrus, left PreCG, left cerebellum, right precuneus, left medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No significant increased brain areas were found in patients with chronic schizophrenia. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia have more extensive brain damage than FES, which may contribute to our understanding of the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides a lot of evidence for local abnormal brain activity in schizophrenia, but the results are not consistent. Our aim is to find out the consistent abnormal brain regions of the patients with schizophrenia by using regional homogeneity (ReHo), and indirectly understand the degree of brain damage of the patients with drug-naive first episode schizophrenia (Dn-FES) and chronic schizophrenia. @*Methods@#We performed the experiment by activation likelihood estimation (ALE) software to analysis the differences between people with schizophrenia group (all schizophrenia group and chronic schizophrenia group) and healthy controls. @*Results@#Thirteen functional imaging studies were included in quantitative meta-analysis. All schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral precentral gyrus (PreCG) and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and increased ReHo in bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG) and right insula. Chronic schizophrenia group showed decreased ReHo in bilateral MOG, right fusiform gyrus, left PreCG, left cerebellum, right precuneus, left medial frontal gyrus and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). No significant increased brain areas were found in patients with chronic schizophrenia. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that patients with chronic schizophrenia have more extensive brain damage than FES, which may contribute to our understanding of the progressive pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of brain function and cognitive function in patients with acute cerebellar stroke using amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connection (FC).Methods The cognitive function assessment and resting state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) scan were performed on patients with acute cerebellar stroke hospitalized in Taizhou People's Hospital or Nanjing Brain Hospital from May 2017 to June 2018.The differences of ALFF and FC values were compared.Pearson correlation analysis was used to understand the correlation between FC values and cognitive function scores.A total of 32 patients with acute cerebellar stroke and 34 healthy controls were included.Results Compared with the healthy controls,the scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (23.97 ± 6.04 vs 26.56 ± 2.93,t=-2.237,P=0.029),the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT;3(2) vs 6(2),Z=-4.136,P=0.000) were significantly lower,and the time consuming of Trail Making Test(TMT)-B ((251.56 ± 112.62) s vs (164.76± 52.37) s) was significantly higher (t=4.054,P=0.000) in the patients with acute cerebellar stroke.The rs-fMRI results showed significant group differences in ALFF values at the four brain regions,including the right frontal lobe,left hippocampus,right cingulate gyrus and cerebellum posterior lobe.The regions that showed significant group differences were set as regions of interest (ROIs),and then the functional connectivity between ROIs and the whole brain were analyzed.The results showed significant positive correlation between the RAVLT scores and the FC values from the left hippocampus to the left frontal lobe (r=0.272,P=0.031).The FC values from the right cingulate gyrus to right inferior parietal lobule were found to be correlated positively with the scores on the TMT-B (r=0.410,P=0.023).Conclusions The patients with cerebellar stroke had cognitive impairment,mainly in memory and executive function.The changes of ALFF and FC values in related brain area from cerebellar stroke enrich our understanding of cerebellar involvement in cognitive performance.
ABSTRACT
Copeptin,the C-terminal portion of provasopressin,is a novel neurohormone of the arginine vasopressin (AVP)system,and is known to be co-released with AVP from hypothalamus.As a surrogate marker of the AVP system,copeptin has gradually replaced AVP in several clinical studies largely due to its structural and methodological advantages.Copeptin has been regarded as a marker of non-specific stress response.In recent years,copeptin attracts more and more attention especially in cardiovascular conditions (heart failure and acute coronary syndromes).The present review primarily focuses on copeptin detection,its general advantages,and its potential clinical value in a variety of cardiovascular conditions.